Evaluación de la sustentabilidad social en la cadena de suministro manufacturera de Latinoamérica: un enfoque de capacidades
Resumen
La crisis mostró lo que hace falta y la pandemia actual por la COVID-19 evidencia la realidad de un tejido social frágil. En la literatura ha ido en incremento las investigaciones administrativas sobre la sustentabilidad social en la cadena de suministro (CS), concretamente, en el sector industrial. El objetivo de este artículo es, desde el enfoque de capacidades de Amartya Sen, evaluar la sustentabilidad social en la cadena de suministro del sector manufacturero de Latinoamérica (Latam), casos México y Colombia (MX-CO). Un poco antes de los inicios de la pandemia se aplicó una encuesta a 139 gerentes de compras para que evaluaran a sus proveedores. Se validaron las medidas a partir de un análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics V. 25 y una validación del modelo de medida estructural a través del programa SmartPLS 3. El resultado arrojó 13 ítems válidos en cuatro dimensiones: derechos y salud laboral, desarrollo de la comunidad externa, responsabilidad social e inclusión y equidad de género. Los hallazgos muestran que la CS del sector manufacturero Latam MX-CO es percibida con mejores esfuerzos en el cuidado social de la comunidad externa que hacía el interior con sus mismos trabajadores. Los resultados son un dato referente sobre las condiciones sociales en las que las empresas afrontaron la pandemia.
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